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Course Contents Chem 1050 Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry |
| Chapter 1 Some Tools Scientists Use |
| 1.1 Observing |
| 1.2 Classifying |
| 1.3 Measuring |
| 1.4 The Metric System |
| 1.5 Significant Figures |
| 1.6 Scientific Notation |
| 1.7 Calculating |
| Chapter 2 Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter |
| 2.1 What is Matter? |
| 2.2 Atoms |
| 2.3 The Structure of Atoms |
| 2.4 Isotopes |
| 2.5 Relative Atomic Masses |
| 2.6 The Electronic Structures of Atoms |
| 2.7 The Periodic Law and Table |
| 2.8 The Electronic Structure of Representative Elements |
| 2.9 Radioactive Nuclei |
| 2.10 Equations for Nuclear Reactions |
| 2.11 Isotope Half-Life |
| 2.12 Health Effects of Radiation |
| 2.13 Measurement units for Radiation |
| 2.14 Medican Uses of Radioisotopes |
| Chapter 3 Compounds: Combinations of Atoms |
| 3.1 Noble Gas Electronic Structures |
| Octet Rule |
| Lewis Structures of Atoms |
| 3.2 Ionic Bonding |
| Simple Ions |
| The Ionic Bond |
| 3.3 Ionic Compounds |
| 3.4 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds |
| 3.5 The Structure of Ionic Compounds |
| 3.6 Covalent Bonding |
| 3.7 Naming Binary Covalent Compounds |
| 3.8 Polyatomic Ions |
| 3.9 The Polarity of Covalent Molecules |
| 3.10 The Mole |
| 3.11 Mole Calculations |
| Chapter 4 The States of Matter |
| 4.1 Observing Properties of Matter |
| 4.2 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter |
| 4.3 Changes in State |
| 4.4 Pressure and Temperature Measurements |
| 4.5 The Gas Laws |
| 4.6 The Gas Laws of Mixing and Diffusing |
| 4.7 Energy and Changes in State |
| 4.8 A Final Look at Water |
| Chapter 5 Chemical Reactions |
| 5.1 Chemical Equations |
| Law of Conservation of Matter |
| Balanced Equations |
| 5.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions |
| Decomposition Reactions |
| Single-Replacement Reactions |
| 5.3 The Mole and Chemical Reactions |
| 5.4 Reaction Rates |
| 5.5 Molecular Collisions |
| Reaction Mechanism |
| Internal Energy |
| 5.6 Energy Diagrams |
| 5.7 Factors that Influence Reaction Rates |
| Catalysts |
| Inhibitors |
| 5.8 Chemical Equilibrium |
| 5.9 Factors that Influence the Position of Equilibrium |
| Le Chatelier's Principle |
| Chapter 6 Reactions in Solutions |
| 6.1 Solutions |
| 6.2 Solution Concentrations |
| 6.3 Properties of Solutions |
| 6.4 Acids and Bases |
| 6.5 Reactions of Acids and Bases |
| 6.6 The pH Concept |
| Chapter 7 Hydrocarbons |
| 7.1 Carbon: The Element of Organic Compounds |
| 7.2 Organic and Inorganic Compound Compared |
| 7.3 Bonding Characteristics and Isomerism |
| 7.4 Functional Groups: The Organization of Organic Chemistry |
| 7.5 Alkane Structures |
| 7.6 Alkane Nomenclature |
| 7.7 Cycloalkanes |
| 7.8 Properties of Alkanes |
| 7.9 The Nomenclature of Alkenes |
| 7.10 The Geometry of Alkenes |
| 7.11 Properties of Alkenes |
| 7.12 Aromatic Compounds |
| Chapter 8 Alcohols and Amines |
| 8.1 The Nomenclature of Alcohols |
| 8.2 Properties of Alcohols |
| 8.3 Reactions of Alcohols |
| 8.4 Phenols, Ethers, and Thiols |
| 8.5 Amines |
| 8.6 Properties of Amines |
| Chapter 9 Carbonyl Compounds |
| 10.1 Aldehydes and Ketones |
| 10.2 Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones |
| 10.3 Carboxylic Acids |
| 10.4 Properties of Carboxylic Acids |
| 10.5 Esters |
| 10.6 Amides |
| Chapter 10 Carbohydrates |
| 10.1 Classes of Carbohydrates |
| 10.2 The Stereochemistry of Carbohydrates |
| 10.3 Fischer Projections |
| 10.4 Monosaccharides |
| 10.5 Properties of Monosaccharides |
| 10.6 Important Monosaccharides |
| 10.7 Disaccharides |
| 10.8 Plysaccharides |
| Chapter 11 Lipids |
| 11.1 Classification of Lipids |
| 11.2 Fatty Acids |
| 11.3 The Structure of Fats and Oils |
| 11.4 Chemical Properties of Fats and Oils |
| 11.5 Waxes |
| 11.6 Phosphoglycerides |
| 11.7 Sphingolipids |
| 11.8 Biological Membranes |
| 11.9 Steroids |
| 11.10 Steroid Hormones |
| 11.11 Prostaglandins |
| Chapter 12 Proteins |
| 12.1 The Amino Acids |
| 12.2 Zwitterions |
| 12.3 Reactions of Amino Acids |
| 12.4 Important Peptides |
| 12.5 Characteristics of Proteins |
| 12.6 The Primary Structure of Proteins |
| 12.7 The Secondary Structure of Proteins |
| 12.8 The Tertiary Structure of Proteins |
| 12.9 The Quaternary Structure of Proteins |
| 12.10 Protein Hydrolysis and Denaturation |
| Chapter 13 Enzymes |
| 13.1 General Characteristics of Enzymes |
| 13.2 Enzyme Nomenclature and Classification |
| 13.3 Enzyme Cofactors |
| 13.4 The Mechanism of Enzyme Actions |
| 13.5 Enzyme Activity |
| 13.6 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity |
| 13.7 Enzyme Inhibition |
| 13.8 The Regulation of Enzyme Activity |
| 13.9 Medical Application of Enzymes |
| Chapter 14 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis |
| 14.1 Components of Nucleic Acids |
| 14.2 The Structure of DNA |
| 14.3 DNA Replication |
| 14.4 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) |
| 14.5 The Flow of Genetic Information |
| 14.6 Transcription: RNA Synthesis |
| 14.7 The Genetic Code |
| 14.8 Translation and Protein Synthesis |
| 14.9 Mutations |
| 14.10 Recombinant DNA |
| Chapter 15 Nutrition and Energy for Life |
| 15.1 Nutritional Requirements |
| 15.2 The Macronutrients |
| 15.3 Micronutrients I |
| 15.4 Micronutrients II |
| 15.5 The Flow of Energy in the Biosphere |
| 15.6 Metabolism and an Overview of Energy Production |
| 15.7 ATP: The Primary Energy Carrier |
| 15.8 Important Coenzymes in the Common Catabolic Pathway |
| Chapter 16 Carbohydrate Metabolism |
| 16.1 The Digestion of Carbohydrates |
| 16.2 Blood Glucose |
| 16.3 Glycolysis |
| 16.4 The Fates of Pyruvate |
| 16.5 The Citric Acid Cycle |
| 16.6 The Electron Transport Chain |
| 16.7 Oxidative Phosphorylation |
| 16.8 The Complete Oxidation of Glucose |
| 16.9 Glycogen Metabolism |
| 16.10 Gluconeogenesis |
| 16.11 The Hormonal Control of Carbohydrate Metabolism |
| Chapter 17 Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism |
| 17.1 Blood Lipids |
| 17.2 Fat Mobilization |
| 17.3 Glycerol Metabolism |
| 17.4 The Oxidation of Fatty Acids |
| 17.5 The Energy from Fatty Acids |
| 17.6 Ketone Bodies |
| 17.7 Fatty Acid Synthesis |
| 17.8 Amino Acid Metabolism |
| 17.9 Amino Acid Catabolism: The Fate of the Nitrogen Atoms |
| 17.10 Amino Acid Catabolism: The Fate of the Carbon Skeleton |
| 17.11 Amino Acid Biosynthesis |