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Course Contents Elementary Organic and Biochemistry |
| Chapter 3 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers |
| 3.1 The Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols |
| 3.2 Classification of Alcohols |
| 3.3 Physical Properties of Alcohols |
| 3.4 Reactions of Alcohols |
| 3.5 Important Alcohols |
| 3.6 Characteristics and Uses of Phenols |
| 3.7 Ethers |
| 3.8 Properties of Ethers |
| 3.9 Thiols |
| 3.10 Polyfunctional Compounds |
| Chapter 4 Aldehydes and Ketones |
| 4.1 The Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones |
| 4.2 Physical Properties |
| 4.3 Chemical Properties |
| 4.4 Important Aldehydes and Ketones |
| Chapter 5 Carboxylic Acids and Esters |
| 5.1 The Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids |
| 5.2 Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids |
| 5.3 The Acidity of Carboxylic Acids |
| 5.4 Salts of Carboxylic Acids |
| 5.5 Carboxylic Esters |
| 5.6 The Nomenclature of Esters |
| 5.7 Reactions of Esters |
| 5.8 Esters of Inorganic Acids |
| Chapter 6 Amines and Amides |
| 6.1 Classification of Amines |
| 6.2 The Nomenclature of Amines |
| 6.3 Physical Properties of Amines |
| 6.4 Chemical Properties of Amines |
| 6.5 Amines as Neurotransmitters |
| 6.6 Other Biologically Important Amines |
| 6.7 The Nomenclature of Amides |
| 6.8 Physical Properties of Amides |
| 6.9 Chemical Properties of Amides |
| Chapter 7 Carbohydrates |
| 7.1 Classes of Carbohydrates |
| 7.2 The Stereochemistry of Carbohydrates |
| 7.3 Fischer Projections |
| 7.4 Monosaccharides |
| 7.5 Properties of Monosaccharides |
| 7.6 Important Monosaccharides |
| 7.7 Disaccharides |
| 7.8 Polysaccharides |
| Chapter 8 Lipids |
| 8.1 Classification of Lipids |
| 8.2 Fatty Acids |
| 8.3 The Structure of Fats and Oils |
| 8.4 Chemical Properties of Fats and Oils |
| 8.5 Waxes |
| 8.6 Phosphoglycerides |
| 8.7 Sphingolipids |
| 8.8 Biological Membranes |
| 8.9 Steroids |
| 8.10 Steroid Hormones |
| 8.11 Prostaglandins |
| Chapter 9 Proteins |
| 9.1 The Amino Acids |
| 9.2 Zwitterions |
| 9.3 Reactions of Amino Acids |
| 9.4 Important Peptides |
| 9.5 Characteristics of Proteins |
| 9.6 The Primary Structure of Proteins |
| 9.7 The Secondary Structure of Proteins |
| 9.8 The Tertiary Structure of Proteins |
| 9.9 The Quaternary Structure of Proteins |
| 9.10 Protein Hydrolysis and Denaturation |
| Chapter 10 Enzymes |
| 10.1 General Characteristics of Enzymes |
| 10.2 Enzyme Nomenclature and Classification |
| 10.3 Enzyme Cofactors |
| 10.4 The Mechanism of Enzyme Action |
| 10.5 Enzyme Activity |
| 10.6 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity |
| 10.7 Enzyme Inhibition |
| 10.8 The Regulation of Enzyme Activity |
| 10.9 Medical Application of Enzymes |
| Chapter 11 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis |
| 11.1 Components of Nucleic Acids |
| 11.2 The Structure of DNA |
| 11.3 DNA Replication |
| 11.4 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) |
| 11.5 The Flow of Genetic Information |
| 11.6 Transcription: RNA Synthesis |
| 11.7 The Genetic Code |
| 11.8 Translation and Protein Synthesis |
| 11.9 Mutations |
| 11.10 Recombinant DNA |
| Chapter 12 Nutrition and Energy for Life |
| 12.1 Nutritional Requirements |
| 12.2 The Macronutrients |
| 12.3 Micronutrients I: Vitamins |
| 12.4 Micronutrients II: Minerals |
| 12.5 The Flow of Energy in the Biosphere |
| 12.6 Metabolism and an Overview of Energy Production |
| 12.7 ATP: The Primary Energy Carrier |
| 12.8 Important Coenzymes in the Common Catabolic Pathway |
| Chapter 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism |
| 13.1 The Digestion of Carbohydrates |
| 13.2 Blood Glucose |
| 13.3 Glycolysis |
| 13.4 The Fates of Pyruvate |
| 13.5 The Citric Acid Cycle |
| 13.6 The Electron Transport Chain |
| 13.7 Oxidative Phosphorylation |
| 13.8 The Complete Oxidation of Glucose |
| 13.9 Glycogen Metabolism |
| 13.10 Gluconeogenesis |
| 13.11 The Hormonal Control of Carbohydrate |
| Chapter 14 Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism |
| 14.1 Blood Lipids |
| 14.2 Fat Mobilization |
| 14.3 Glycerol Metabolism |
| 14.4 The Oxidation of Fatty Acids |
| 14.5 The Energy from Fatty Acids |
| 14.6 Ketone Bodies |
| 14.7 Fatty Acid Synthesis |
| 14.8 Amino Acid Metabolism |
| 14.9 Amino Acid Catabolism: The Fate of the Nitrogen Atoms |
| 14.10 Amino Acid Catabolism: The Fate of the Carbon Skeleton |
| 14.11 Amino Acid Biosynthesis |